The Fifth Period Language Study

Teaching goals  教學目標

1. Target language 目標語言

重點詞匯和短語

nursery, rhythm, recite, run out of

2. Ability goals  能力目標

Enable the students to learn to use the subjunctive mood.

3. Learning ability goals  學能目標

Help the students learn how to use the subjunctive mood.

Teaching important & difficult points  教學重難點

The subjunctive mood.

Teaching methods  教學方法

Task-based activities.

Teaching aids  教具準備

A computer and a projector.

Teaching procedures & ways   教學過程與方式

Step ⅠGrammar Focus

Talk about “subjunctive mood”.

T: During the previous periods, we learned a lot about nursery rhymes for which we practiced a lot on the “if I ...” pattern. The “If I ...” poem works so well because it allows you to follow one of the first rules of writing: Write about the things you know. Write about something that you feel very strongly about. Next we are going to talk about the “if” pattern.

Show the following to the students.

虛擬情況	條件句	結(jié)果主句
(1)與過去事實相反	If +主語 + had + 過去分詞	主語 + would (should, could, might) + have + 過去分詞
(2)與現(xiàn)在事實相反	If  + 主語 + 動詞過去式（be 用were）	主語 + would (should, could, might) + 動詞原形
(3)與將來事實相反	If +主語+should / were to	主語 + would （should, could, might）+ 動詞原形
(4)錯綜時間條件句（即主從句表示不同時間的動作）	根據(jù)句義采用不同時態(tài)

Ask the students to read the following examples repeatedly.

(1) If anything had happened, he would have let her know.

I should have talked to mother if I had thought of it.

If I had been less cautious I might have been wiser.

If it had not been for Margaret, I might not have understood.

No doubt I could have earned something if I had really meant to.

He did everything for me that my father could have done if he had lived.

(2) If wishes were horses, beggars would ride.

If I were you, I’d go to night school.

If we were men, we’d be doing something decent now.

I tell you, you wouldn’t be anywhere at all if it weren’t for Ruth.

Indeed, if there were anything to tell, I would tell it to you.

If you had your choice, where would you go?

Would you mind very much if I asked you to do something?

If he went, would you go too?

I think it would be much better if you got a job.

Wouldn’t it be better if you made an appointment to see him at the office?

(3) I thought if you were to speak to him, it would carry more weight.

But if she were to lose her place they would be ruined.

I’m sure you’d be the first to be sorry if anything was to happen to him.

If they were to hear you talking, they’d think you were a school teacher.

I should be most happy to go down with you if I should not be in the way.

If it should be necessary, I could come at six.

(4) If it hadn’t been for the doctor’s care, I should not be speaking to you now.

I think we should have been told if there was anything up.

If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.

Then ask the students to do the exercises in the workbook.  

T: As for the subjunctive mood, we usually have the above structures. The only thing to do is to decide which pattern we should use. Now do Exercises 2, 3 and 4 on page 51.

Step II Homework

Ask the students to do the task in PROJECT.

附 件

1. 虛擬語氣

主要用于條件狀語從句，其它從句或口語中。

1) 虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中

情況	從句動詞形式	主句中動詞形式
與現(xiàn)在相反	were 過去式動詞 過去式助動詞 + v.	would / should / could / might + v.
If he were rich, he would buy the house. If Mary found the book, she would bring it to you. We could ask her if she were here.
與過去事實相反	had + pp	would / should / could / might + have + pp
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. If you had come earlier, you might have caught the train. I should have called you if I had known your telephone number.
與將來事實相反	should / were to	would / should / could / might + v.
If I should fail, I would do it again. If the sun were to rise in the west, I would not marry him.

2) 虛擬語氣在主語從句中

句型（1）： 表“做某事是必要的或重要的”(should應該，將要) It is necessary / natural / imperative /  important / proper / urgent that + S + should + v / v /  be + pp It is necessary that he take the examination. It is proper that she refuse the offer.

句型（2）：表“情緒活動方面的主觀看法” (should居然，竟然) It is a pity / strange / surprising / wonderful / no wonder / funny / a matter of regret that + S+ should + v / v It is strange that she should marry such a man. It is a pity that the boy should be so proud.

句型（3）： It is desired / ordered / requested / suggested / proposed / arranged / has been decided that + S + should + v / v It is suggested that a meeting should be held. It was arranged that they leave the following week. It has been decided that the meeting be put off till next Saturday.

3）虛擬語氣在賓語從句中

句型（1）： wish + 賓語從句（不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望）wish + S + 過去式（現(xiàn)在） wish + S + had + pp（過去） wish + S + could / would / should / might + v（將來） I wish I were rich.   I wish I had been in Hong Kong last year. We wish he would speak English.

句型（2）：表“建議、要求、堅持、命令”等動詞后的賓語從句中 (should將做，該做) S + require / request /  recommend / propose / order / command / insist /  suggest / demand / ask + that + S + should + v / v The officer ordered that all the soldiers get ready. They insisted that we begin the work at once. 注： 1）insist“堅持，堅持主張（認為）” 強調(diào)事實或經(jīng)驗，用陳述語氣。  I insisted that it was an accident. 2）suggest“暗示，啟發(fā)” 用陳述語氣。 The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.

4）虛擬語氣在表語從句或同位語從句中

Suggestion, plan, idea, order, advice, requirement, request, motion, proposal, recommendation 等后的表語從句或同位語從句中用should + v / v My suggestion is that we visit Paris. Her idea is that they discuss the report. What do you think of the plan that our classes be ended at the end of this month?

5）虛擬語氣在定語從句中

It is / was about / high time (that) + S + 過去式動詞 /  should + v It is time we went home. It is time we should go. It is time for us to go home.

6）在as if / though, even if / though 從句中，或目的狀語從句和讓步狀語從句中

情 況	例   句
as if	It seems as if it were a fine day. He speaks as if he were a professor.
so that in order that	We study hard so that we may work well. The teacher spoke slowly in order that the students could hear clearly.
whatever whoever no matter what no matter how	Whatever be the difficulties, we must go on with the work. No matter what you may say, I am determined to do what I think is right. You mustn’t be proud, however much you may achieved.

7）其它情況

But for = Without / If it were not for / But that + S + 現(xiàn)在式 v + n, S + should / could / would / might + v But for your help / Without your help, / If it were not for your help, / But that you help him, he would fail.

2. 文化背景知識

Narrative, lyric, dramatic

As an art form, poetry is thousands of years old. There are three basic types of poem: the narrative poem, the lyric poem, and the dramatic poem. Of course any poem may contain elements of all three, but essentially you will find that anything you read falls into one of these categories.

The narrative poem tells a story. This might, for example, be a rhyming ballad or an epic like Homer’s Odyssey, or it might be a much shorter poem which tells a tale.

The lyric poem is often short, and tends to be written in the first person about an intense private experience.

The dramatic poem assumes a voice (often the voice of someone who is clearly not the poet) or voices.

3. 讀小詩學英語

If

If you can keep your head when all about you

Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;

If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,

But make allowance for their doubting too;

If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,

Or, being lied about, don’t deal in lies,

Or, being hated, don’t give way to hating,

And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise;

If you can dream-and not make dreams your master;

If you can think-and not make thoughts your aim;

If you can meet with triumph and disaster

And treat those two impostors just the same;

If you can bear to hear the truth you’ve spoken

Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,

Or watch the things you gave your life to broken,

And stoop and build ‘em up with wornout tools;

If you can make one heap of all your winnings

And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,

And lose, and start again at your beginnings

And never breathe a word about your loss;

If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew

To serve your turn long after they are gone,

And so hold on when there is nothing in you

Except the Will which says to them “Hold on!”;

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,

Or walk with Kings-nor lose the common touch;

If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you;

If all men count with you, but none too much;

If you can fill the unforgiving minute

With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run

Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,

And-which is more-you’ll be a Man my son!

The Pride of Youth

Proud Maisie is in the wood,

Walking so early;

Sweet Robin sits on the bush,

Singing so rarely.

“tell me, thou bonny bird,

when shall I marry me?”

“when six braw gentlemen

kirkward shall carry ye.”

“Who makes the bridal bed,

birdie, say truly?”

“The gray-headed sexton

That delves the grave duly.”

 

“The glowworm o’er grave and stone

Shall light thee steady;

The owl from the steeple sing,

Welcome, proud lady.”

 

Saying Goodbye to Cambridge Again

Very quietly I take my leave,

As quietly as I came here;

Quietly I wave goodbye

To the rosy clouds in the western sky.

The golden willows by the riverside

Are young bridges in the setting sun;

Their reflections on the shimmering waves

Always linger in the depth of my heart.

The floating heart growing in the sludge

Sways leisurely under the water,

In the gentle waves of Cambridge,

I would be a water plant

That pool under the shade of elm trees

Holds not water but the rainbow from the sky;

Shattered to pieces among the duck weeds

Is the sediment of a rainbow-like dream.

To seek a dream? Just to pole a boat upstream

To where the green grass is more verdant;

Or to have the boat fully loaded with starlight

And sing aloud in the splendor of starlight.

But I cannot sing aloud:

Quietness is my farewell music;

Even summer in sects keep silence for me;

Silent is Cambridge tonight!

Very quietly I take my leave,

As quietly as I came here;

Gently I flick my sleeves,

Not even a wisp of cloud will I bring away.